R 598.2954 ALI) Yong Ding Li and Lim Kim Chuah, A Naturalist’s Guide to the Birds of Singapore (England: John Beaufoy Publishing, 2016), 139 (Call no. Salim Ali, The Book of Indian Birds (Bombay: Bombay Natural History Society, 1968), 59 (Call no. Malay: Murai Hutan Murai Batu 33 Murai Rimba 34Ĭhinese: 白腰鹊鸲 (Bai yao que qu) 35 (“White-waisted magpie”)ġ. Scientific name: Kittacincla malabarica 32 29 Globally, as of 2016, the white-rumped shama is rated “Least Concern” in terms of population numbers, though their population is decreasing 30 mainly due to its exploitation in wildlife trade which is sometimes illegal in nature. Today, it is considered a critically endangered species in Singapore. The white-rumped shama was formerly a commonly found bird, but the local population has been heavily poached. 28 Its status as a resident species in Singapore is listed as “rare” as it is encountered with less than 10 percent probability in its preferred habitats. 27 However it is not certain if those spotted in the field are wild birds, released specimens or escaped caged birds. 26 In Singapore, it has been recorded at Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Sime Road and the Central Catchment Nature Reserve. It seldom ventures into the open and is more often heard than seen. The white-rumped shama is found in forested areas, secondary jungle or where there is thick cover. 24 In the early 1930s, it was also introduced to the Hawaiian islands, where it is now resident and breeding. The range of the white-rumped shama extends from the Indian subcontinent, South China and Southeast Asia to the Greater Sunda Islands. The white-rumped shama feeds on insects such as ants, grasshoppers, centipedes, black ants, worms, spiders, caterpillars and other small creatures, which it picks up from the ground or among bushes. 21 Two to three eggs, which are pale green with light brown and dark lilac spots, are usually laid.
20 Males are territorial and will sing to warn other males in the vicinity. 19 Its nest is usually built in a hole in a low tree or in the undergrowth. The white-rumped shama breeds from March to June. 17 Several ornithologists have named the white-rumped shama as the best songbird in the Malay Peninsula, above its more well-known relative, the magpie robin ( Copsychus saularis). Longer-tailed birds fetch higher prices, and song quality is judged on a range of songs. The white-rumped shama is one of the four most popular songbird species in the caged bird trade in Singapore, the others being the oriental white-eye, China thrush and red-whiskered bulbul. The value of the bird is based on two attributes: its physical appearance and its song. 15 It hops about on the ground with its tail held high. 14 The gait of this bird is a mixture of hops and dashes, with an occasional pause and tilting of its head to one side. 13 The males are more consistent singers, with females singing only during the breeding season. It is also known to imitate the songs of other birds.
12 This has led to the species being heavily exploited in the caged bird trade. 11ĭespite its distinctive and attractive appearance, the call of the white-rumped shama is its most valuable asset, as it is not only loud and melodious but also rich in notes and tonal quality. 10 Males average approximately 27 cm in length with a tail about 19 cm long, while females average 22 cm in length with a tail approximately 14.5 cm long. Juveniles are mostly brown on their upperparts with buff spots.
9 Adults of both sexes are similarly coloured, but in females the black parts are replaced by dark grey.
#White rumped shama Patch#
8 It is recognisable by its glossy black head, back, wings and long tail with white outer feathers, its chestnut belly and white patch on its lower back. The white-rumped shama was previously classified as part of the Thrush family ( Turdidae), 7 but DNA studies have since classified it under the Flycatcher family ( Muscicapidae). 4 It has been depicted twice on 50-cent postage stamps of Singapore in 1963 5 and 1978.
#White rumped shama series#
The white-rumped shama was featured on the S$50 Bird Series currency notes released by the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 19, 3 and on Cashcards launched by Singapore Mint in 2001 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the actual notes. The white-rumped shama ( Copsychus malabaricus) 1 is a slender, predominantly black bird that has become one of the most popular caged birds in Singapore because of its beautiful song.
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